The year 2023 marked the "Global Boiling" era, with record-breaking heat waves, floods and wildfires, signaling unprecedented climate change, as global temperatures exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. These changes pose serious threats to ecosystems,...
Giant clams are large mollusks belonging to the Tridacna family. Like oysters and mussels, giant clams are bivalves. This means that they have no head, and a compressed body hidden in a shell that...
Hypoxia is generally defined as a condition characterized by a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of less than 2-3 mg/L (Farrell and Richards 2009). When dissolved oxygen levels fall to zero, this state is termed...